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1.鍒濅腑绉戝璁烘枃800瀛?p>
2.鍒濅腑绉戝璁烘枃800瀛楄寖鏂?p>
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4.鍒濅腑绉戞妧璁烘枃800瀛?p>
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鐜繚鎰忚瘑锛屾薄姘存不鐞嗭紝缁忔祹绉戝鍙戝睍锛岀Щ鍔ㄤ簰鑱旂綉閲戣瀺鍙戝睍涓庡墠鏅紝閮芥槸姣旇緝鐑棬鐨勮瘽棰樸€傚缓璁袱鐐?1.绾垫繁涓€椤癸紝娣卞叆鑰冨療锛屾悳闆嗚祫鏂欑礌鏉愶紝寤朵几涓€涓鐐逛负涓婚杩涜娣卞埢鐮旂┒锛屽彂琛ㄨ嚜宸辫鐐逛笌璁鸿堪銆?.鑱氱劍褰撳墠绀句細锛屽浗鎯咃紝缁忔祹瀹炵敤锛岀粡娴庡彂灞曞紛绔垨褰撳墠浼樺娍锛屾繁鍒诲墫鏋?鍒?涓棰樸€傛渶缁忓吀鐨勬槸鏁版嵁閲囬泦锛屾暟鎹粺璁′负瀹㈣浜嬪疄锛岀悊璁虹爺绌舵柟鍚戜笌鍙戝睍瓒嬪娍涓哄畯瑙備緷鎵橈紝鏈潵灞曟湜浠ュ強瀹炶返搴旂敤涓哄垏鍏ョ偣娣卞埢鍓栨瀽銆傜浣犳垚鍔熸挵鍐欎竴绡囦紭绉€鐨勫鏈鏂囥€傚姞娌桂煉?/p>
涓夛細涓鐢熺鎶€灏忚鏂囧ぇ鍏?/h2>
缂栬瘧 | 鏉庤█
Science, 24 MAR 2023, Volume 379 Issue 6638
銆婄瀛︺€?023骞?鏈?4鏃ワ紝绗?79鍗凤紝6638鏈?/strong>
澶╂枃瀛stronomy
Surface changes observed on a Venusian volcano during the Magellan mission
楹﹀摬浼﹀彿鍦ㄩ噾鏄熶笂瑙傚療鍒扮枒浼肩伀灞辩殑琛ㄩ潰鍙樺寲
鈻?/strong>
鈻?閾炬帴锛?/strong>
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abm7735
鈻?鎽樿锛?/strong>
閲戞槦鐨勮〃闈㈠湴璐ㄦ瀯閫犳椂闂磋緝鏅氾紝浣嗙洰鍓嶅皻涓嶆竻妤氬畠鏄惁鏈夋寔缁殑娲荤伀灞辨椿鍔ㄣ€備粠1990骞村埌1992骞达紝楹﹀摬浼﹀彿浣跨敤鍚堟垚瀛斿緞闆疯揪瀵圭伀鏄熻〃闈㈣繘琛屾垚鍍忚娴嬨€傛垜浠鏌ヤ簡閲戞槦涓婅楹﹀摬浼﹀彿鎷嶆憚杩囦袱涓夋鐨勭伀灞卞尯鍩燂紝纭畾浜嗕竴涓害2.2骞虫柟鍏噷鐨勭伀灞卞柗鍙ｏ紝瀹冨湪涓ゆ闆疯揪鍥惧儚涔嬮棿鐨?涓湀鏃堕棿閲屾敼鍙樹簡褰㈢姸銆?/p>
鍦ㄧ浜屾椂鏈熺殑鍥惧儚涓彲浠ョ湅鍒颁粠鐏北鍙ｅ悜涓嬬殑鐏北娴侊紝灏界鎴戜滑涓嶈兘鎺掗櫎瀹冧滑鍦ㄧ涓€涓椂鏈熸槸瀛樺湪鐨勶紝浣嗗氨鎴愬儚鍑犱綍褰㈢姸鐨勫樊寮傛潵鐪嬶紝瀹冧滑鍦ㄧ涓€涓椂鏈熺‘瀹炴病鏈夎鍙戠幇銆傛垜浠皢杩欎簺瑙ｉ噴涓洪噾鏄熶笂瀛樺湪鎸佺画鐏北娲诲姩鐨勮瘉鎹€?/p>
鈻?Abstract锛?/strong>
Venus has a geologically young surface, but it is unknown whether it has ongoing active volcani *** . From 1990 to 1992, the Magellan spacecraft imaged the planet鈥檚 surface, using synthetic aperture radar. We examined volcanic areas on Venus that were imaged two or three times by Magellan and identified an ~2.2-square-kilometer volcanic vent that changed shape in the 8-month interval between two radar images. Additional volcanic flows downhill from the vent are visible in the second-epoch images, although we cannot rule out that they were present but invisible in the first epoch because of differences in imaging geometry. We interpret these results as evidence of ongoing volcanic activity on Venus.
鐗╃悊瀛hysics
Visualizing the atomic-scale origin of metallic behavior in Kondo insulators
鍙鍖栬繎钘ょ粷缂樹綋涓噾灞炶涓虹殑鍘熷瓙灏哄害璧锋簮
鈻?/strong>
鈻?閾炬帴锛?/strong>
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abq5375
鈻?鎽樿锛?/strong>
鎴戜滑鍙戠幇浜嗗湪閲嶈垂绫冲瓙瓒呭浣揢Ru2Si2鍜屾嫇鎵戣繎閬撶粷缂樹綋鍏〖鍖栭拹锛圫mB6锛夌殑閾€浣嶇己闄峰懆鍥寸殑绾崇背灏哄害閲戝睘浼犲鐢靛瓙鍧戙€傝繖浜涚己闄锋壈涔变簡杩戣棨浜戯紝鐣欎笅浜嗛噾灞炴瘝鎬佺殑鐥曡抗銆?/p>
鎴戜滑鐨勭粨鏋滆〃鏄庯紝鍦⊿mB6涓祴閲忓埌鐨勪笁缁撮噺瀛愭尟鑽℃槸鐢辫繎钘ゆ櫠鏍肩己闄峰紩璧风殑锛屼絾鎴戜滑涓嶈兘鎺掗櫎鍏朵粬瑙ｉ噴銆傛垜浠殑鎴愬儚鎶€鏈彲浠ヤ娇鐢ㄩ噸璐圭背瀛愭帰閽堝紑鍙戝師瀛愬昂搴︾殑鐢佃嵎浼犳劅鍣ㄣ€?/p>
鈻?Abstract锛?/strong>
We discovered nanometer-scale puddles of metallic conduction electrons centered around uranium-site substitutions in the heavy-fermion compound uranium ruthenium silicide (URu2Si2) and around samarium-site defects in the topological Kondo insulator samarium hexaboride (SmB6). These defects disturbed the Kondo screening cloud, leaving behind a fingerprint of the metallic parent state. Our results suggest that the three-dimensional quantum oscillations measured in SmB6 arise from Kondo-lattice defects, although we cannot exclude other explanations. Our imaging technique could enable the development of atomic-scale charge sensors using heavy-fermion probes.
鏉愭枡绉戝Material Science
Ferroelectricity in layered bi *** uth oxide down to 1 nanometer
浣庤嚦1绾崇背鏃讹紝灞傜姸姘у寲閾嬩粛鏈夐搧鐢垫€?/strong>
鈻?/strong>
鈻?閾炬帴锛?/strong>
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abm5134
鈻?鎽樿锛?/strong>
鎴戜滑璁捐浜嗕竴绉嶅叿鏈夋哀鍖栭搵灞傜姸缁撴瀯鐨勮杽鑶滐紝鍙互閫氳繃閽愮殑鏉熺細鍦ㄤ綆鑷?绾崇背鏃朵粛鏈夌ǔ瀹氱殑閾佺數鎬с€傝繖绉嶈杽鑶滃彲浠ラ€氳繃鍖栧婧舵恫娌夌Н娉曠敓闀垮湪鍚勭鍩烘潗涓娿€傛垜浠瀵熷埌涓€涓帤搴︾害涓?绾崇背鐨勬爣鍑嗛搧鐢垫粸鍥炵嚎銆?/p>
鍘氬害浠?绾崇背鍒?.56 绾崇背鐨勮杽鑶滄嫢鏈夌浉瀵硅緝澶х殑鍓╃鏋佸寲锛屼粠姣忓钩鏂瑰帢绫?7鍒?0寰簱浠戙€傛垜浠敤绗竴鎬у師鐞嗚绠楅獙璇佷簡璇ョ粨鏋勶紝杩欎篃琛ㄦ槑璇ユ潗鏂欐槸涓€绉嶅瀵归┍鍔ㄧ殑閾佺數鏉愭枡銆傝秴钖勯搧鐢佃杽鑶滅殑缁撴瀯璁捐鍒堕€犲師瀛愬昂搴︾數瀛愬櫒浠舵柟闈㈠叿鏈夊緢澶х殑娼滃姏銆?/p>
鈻?Abstract锛?/strong>
We devised a film with a layered structure of bi *** uth oxide that can stabilize the ferroelectric state down to 1 nanometer through samarium bondage. This film can be grown on a variety of substrates with a cost-effective chemical solution deposition. We observed a standard ferroelectric hysteresis loop down to a thickness of ~1 nanometer. The thin films with thicknesses that range from 1 to 4.56 nanometers possess a relatively large remanent polarization from 17 to 50 microcoulombs per square centimeter. We verified the structure with first-principles calculations, which also pointed to the material being a lone pair鈥揹riven ferroelectric material. The structure design of the ultrathin ferroelectric films has great potential for the manufacturing of atomic-scale electronic devices.
Direct synthesis and chemical vapor deposition of 2D carbide and nitride MXenes
浜岀淮纰冲寲鐗?姘寲鐗㎝xenes鐩存帴鍚堟垚鍜屽寲瀛︽皵鐩告矇绉?/strong>
鈻?/strong>
鈻?閾炬帴锛?/strong>
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.add9204
鈻?鎽樿锛?/strong>
浜岀淮杩囨浮閲戝睘纰冲寲鐗╁拰姘寲鐗╋紙MXenes锛夋槸涓€绫诲箍娉涘簲鐢ㄧ殑鏉愭枡锛屽挨鍏舵槸鍦ㄨ兘婧愬瓨鍌ㄩ鍩熴€侻Xenes閫氬父閫氳繃铓€鍒诲眰鐘朵笁鍏冨寲鍚堢墿锛圡AX鐩革級鏉ュ悎鎴愩€?/p>
閫氳繃閲戝睘鍜岄噾灞炲崵鍖栫墿涓庣煶澧ㄣ€佺敳鐑锋垨姘殑鍙嶅簲锛屾垜浠睍绀轰簡涓€绉嶅彲鎵╁睍鍜屽師瀛愮粡娴庡悎鎴怣Xene鐨勭洿鎺ュ悎鎴愯矾绾匡紝鍖呮嫭灏氭湭浠嶮AX鐩稿悎鎴愮殑鍖栧悎鐗┿€傜洿鎺ュ悎鎴愪娇鍖栧姘旂浉娌夌Н鐢熼暱MXene瑕嗙洊灞傚拰澶嶆潅鐨勭悆鏅剁姸褰㈡€佸舰鎴愶紝閫氳繃灞堟洸鍜岄噴鏀綧Xene瑕嗙洊灞傦紝浠ユ毚闇叉柊鐨勮〃闈㈣繘琛岃繘涓€姝ュ弽搴斻€傜洿鎺ュ悎鎴愮殑MXenes鍏锋湁鑹ソ鐨勯攤绂诲瓙鎻掑眰鍌ㄨ兘鑳藉姏銆?/p>
鈻?Abstract锛?/strong>
Two-dimensional transition-metal carbides and nitrides (MXenes) are a large family of materials actively studied for various applications, especially in the field of energy storage. MXenes are commonly synthesized by etching the layered ternary compounds, called MAX phases. We demonstrate a direct synthetic route for scalable and atom-economic synthesis of MXenes, including compounds that have not been synthesized from MAX phases, by the reactions of metals and metal halides with graphite, methane, or nitrogen. The direct synthesis enables chemical vapor deposition growth of MXene carpets and complex spherulite-like morphologies that form through buckling and release of MXene carpet to expose fresh surface for further reaction. The directly synthesized MXenes showed excellent energy storage capacity for lithium-ion intercalation.
A silicone-based support material eliminates interfacial instabilities in 3D silicone printing
鍙互娑堥櫎3D纭呮墦鍗颁腑鐣岄潰涓嶇ǔ瀹氭€х殑纭呭熀鏀拺鏉愭枡
鈻?/strong>
鈻?閾炬帴锛?/strong>
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ade4441
鈻?鎽樿锛?/strong>
鎴戜滑寮€鍙戜簡涓€绉嶅彲浠ョ敤甯傚敭纭呰兌閰嶆柟鍒舵垚绮剧‘銆佸噯纭€佸潥鍥哄拰鍔熻兘鎬х粨鏋勭殑纭呰兌3D鎵撳嵃鎶€鏈€備负浜嗚揪鍒拌繖绉嶆按骞筹紝鎴戜滑寮€鍙戜簡涓€绉嶇敱纭呮补涔虫恫鍒舵垚鐨勬敮鎾戞潗鏂欍€?/p>
杩欑鏉愭枡瀵圭鍩烘补澧ㄧ殑鐣岄潰寮犲姏鍙互蹇界暐涓嶈锛屾秷闄や簡缁忓父瀵艰嚧鍗板埛鐨勭閰壒寰佸彉褰㈠拰鐮磋鐨勭牬鍧忓姏銆傚簲鐢ㄨ繖绉?*** 锛屽彲浠ヤ娇宸叉湁鐨勭鑳堕厤鏂瑰埗閫犱綆鑷崇洿寰?寰背鐨勫鏉傜粨鏋勩€?/p>
鈻?Abstract锛?/strong>
We developed a silicone 3D printing technique that produces precise, accurate, strong, and functional structures made from several commercially available silicone formulations. To achieve this level of performance, we developed a support material made from a silicone oil emulsion. This material exhibits negligible interfacial tension against silicone-based inks, eliminating the disruptive forces that often drive printed silicone features to deform and break apart. The versatility of this approach enables the use of established silicone formulations in fabricating complex structures and features as *** all as 8 micrometers in diameter.
鐢熺墿瀛iology
Evolutionarily conserved role of oxytocin in social fear contagion in zebrafish
鍌骇绱犲湪鏂戦┈楸间紶鏌撶ぞ浼氭亹鎯т腑鐨勮繘鍖栦繚瀹堜綔鐢?/strong>
鈻?/strong>
鈻?閾炬帴锛?/strong>
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abq5158
鈻?鎽樿锛?/strong>
鎯呮劅浼犳煋鏄悓鐞嗗績鏈€鍙よ€佺殑褰㈠紡銆傚凡鐭ュ偓浜х礌鍙互璋冭妭鍝轰钩鍔ㄧ墿鐨勫叡鎯呰涓猴紝閫氳繃璇勪及鍌骇绱犲湪鏂戦┈楸肩ぞ浼氭亹鎯т紶鏌撲腑鐨勪綔鐢紝鎴戜滑娴嬭瘯浜嗘儏缁紶鏌撶殑杩戜技鏈哄埗鍦ㄨ繘鍖栦笂鐨勪繚瀹堢▼搴︺€?/p>
浣跨敤鍌骇绱犲拰鍌骇绱犲彈浣撶獊鍙樹綋锛屾垜浠殑鐮旂┒琛ㄦ槑鍌骇绱犲鏂戦┈楸艰瀵熻€呮ā浠垮悓绫昏〃鐜拌€呯殑鐥涜嫤琛屼负鏄繀瑕佸拰鍏呭垎鐨勩€傛枒椹奔涓笌鎯呯华浼犳煋鐩稿叧鐨勫ぇ鑴戝尯鍩熶笌鍟娇绫诲姩鐗╀腑鍙備笌鐩稿悓杩囩▼鐨勫ぇ鑴戝尯鍩燂紙濡傜汗鐘朵綋銆佷晶闅旓級鍚屾簮锛屽彲浠ユ帴鍙椾綅浜庤鍓嶅尯鐨勫偓浜х礌绁炵粡鍏冪殑鐩存帴鎶曞皠銆?/p>
缁间笂锛屾垜浠殑缁撴灉鏀寔鍌骇绱犱綔涓鸿剨妞庡姩鐗╁熀鏈叡鎯呰涓虹殑鍏抽敭璋冭妭鍣ㄧ殑浣滅敤銆?/p>
鈻?Abstract锛?/strong>
Emotional contagion is the most ancestral form of empathy. We tested to what extent the proximate mechani *** s of emotional contagion are evolutionarily conserved by assessing the role of oxytocin, known to regulate empathic behaviors in mammals, in social fear contagion in zebrafish. Using oxytocin and oxytocin receptor mutants, we show that oxytocin is both necessary and sufficient for observer zebrafish to imitate the distressed behavior of conspecific demonstrators. The brain regions associated with emotional contagion in zebrafish are homologous to those involved in the same process in rodents (e.g., striatum, lateral septum), receiving direct projections from oxytocinergic neurons located in the pre-optic area. Together, our results support an evolutionary conserved role for oxytocin as a key regulator of basic empathic behaviors across vertebrates.
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